Gurung people have an ancient oral history called the “Pye-tan-lyu-tan.” Historically Gurung people followed Bon shamanism (similar to that practiced in Mongolia) and Tibetan Buddhism, and currently most Gurung people follow Buddhism and/or Hindu religion. Gurung trace descent patrilineally through clans.

While traditionally sheep-herders, Himalayan traders, and farmers, many young Gurung men began to be recruited into the British and Indian militaries, called “Gurkha” regiments. They have become famous for their bravery and loyalty and such military recruitment continues to this day.